2025

1. UPIRGoogle

   Automated Synthesis and Verification of Distributed Systems Using Universal Plan Intermediate Representation (UPIR)

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2025

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   This work addresses the gap between distributed system specifications and their implementations through a novel framework combining formal verification, program synthesis, and machine learning. UPIR features a compositional verification engine achieving 274x speedup for 64-component systems using SMT solving with proof caching, a synthesis engine applying Counterexample-Guided Inductive Synthesis (CEGIS), and a constrained reinforcement learning optimizer using Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) for parameter improvement while preserving formal guarantees. Benchmark tests demonstrate 60.1% latency reduction with 194.5% throughput increase, with 89.9% pattern reuse potential identified through clustering analysis.

   @article{upir,
     title = {Automated Synthesis and Verification of Distributed Systems Using Universal Plan Intermediate Representation (UPIR)},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2025},
     month = nov,
     publisher = {Google, Technical Disclosure Commons},
     url = {https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/8852/},
   }

2. FTCSGoogle

   Field-Theoretic Context System (FTCS)

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2025

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   This disclosure describes an approach to context processing that models context as interacting fields rather than discrete states. A field-theoretic context system (FTCS) as described herein enables natural context flow, relationship preservation, and dynamic evolution through partial differential equations that govern field dynamics. The FTCS described herein represents an advancement in context processing by replacing discrete states with continuous, evolving fields. This approach more accurately reflects how information behaves in real-world systems. A key aspect is the non-conservative approach of the FTCS by which context can be genuinely created, amplified, diminished, or eliminated as information gains or loses relevance. This overcomes limitations of traditional context systems that rely on discrete states, manual mapping, and rigid hierarchies.

   @article{ftcs,
     title = {Field-Theoretic Context System (FTCS)},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {Google, Technical Disclosure Commons},
     url = {https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/8022/},
   }

3. ETLCGoogle

   ETLC: A Context-First Approach to Data Processing in the Generative AI Era

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2025

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   As organizations adopt generative AI, data pipelines often lack the dynamic context needed. This paper introduces ETLC (Extract, Transform, Load, Contextualize), adding semantic, relational, operational, environmental, and behavioral context. ETLC enables Dynamic Context Engines for context-aware RAG, AI co-pilots, and agentic systems. It works with standards like the Model Context Protocol (MCP) for effective context delivery, ensuring business-specific AI outputs.

   @article{etlc,
     title = {ETLC: A Context-First Approach to Data Processing in the Generative AI Era},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {Google Cloud Blog},
     url = {https://services.google.com/fh/files/blogs/etlc_full_paper.pdf},
   }

4. ARTEMISGoogle

   Adaptive Reasoning and Evaluation Framework for Multi-agent Intelligent Systems in Debate-driven Decision-making

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2025

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   Collective decisions require debate to surface contrastive points of view and to enable balanced and well-informed decision-making. Large language models (LLMs) can provide an opportunity to formulate deliberative decision making through multiple artificial intelligence (AI) agents. However, existing LLMs struggle with complex group discussions. This disclosure describes an artificial intelligence framework and techniques to support complex debate scenarios and group decision-making. A tiered structure of language models is deployed to dynamically generate and evaluate arguments. The techniques can handle multi-participant debates while considering ethical implications, producing well-reasoned outcomes. The described framework addresses limitations in existing debate systems by offering improved scalability, structured argumentation, and dynamic evaluation criteria. Example applications include policymaking, scientific discourse, corporate strategy, etc., and generally, any situation where thorough analysis and informed decision-making are crucial.

   @article{artemis,
     title = {Adaptive Reasoning and Evaluation Framework for Multi-agent Intelligent Systems in Debate-driven Decision-making},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {Google, Technical Disclosure Commons},
     url = {https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/7729},
   }

2023

1. DataMonBITS

   Data Monetization Strategy for Enterprises

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2023

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   This paper presents an in-depth exploration of Data Monetization for Enterprises that would enable them to effectively transform their data assets into significant economic value. The paper introduces: (a) Data Monetization Framework - that encompasses key strategic technical capabilities, collaborative Data Product development, agile experimentation, product incubation, delivery model, pricing model and privacy/security by design; and (b) Activation of the Data Monetization Strategy - a 12-month long structured approach is discussed to implement, operationalize, scale, and sustain the strategy-through a Data COE. Data Product Development, Pricing Strategy, Delivery Mode and prioritization is also discussed through a Value-effort study. Technology strategy is discussed in detail with MoSCoW scoring. The paper delves into the role of emerging technologies such as generative AI (large language models), big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning in enhancing data monetization efforts. It also addresses the challenges and opportunities presented by these technologies, including issues related to data privacy, security, and ethical considerations.

   @article{mitra2023datamonetization,
     title = {Data Monetization Strategy for Enterprises},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2023},
     publisher = {Birla Institute of Technology And Science, Pilani},
     doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.33756.36481},
     url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376557741_Data_Monetization_Strategy_for_Enterprises},
   }

2021

1. OlpRG

   Open Location Proof (OLP) Protocol

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2021

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   A privacy aware open protocol to prove without repudiation an entity’s point-in-time presence, participation and location in physical or virtual space. OLP-protocol.org is a planned implementation node demonstrating the protocol.

   @article{mitra2022olp,
     title = {Open Location Proof (OLP) Protocol},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2021},
     doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.30697.20324},
     url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Subhadip-Mitra-3/publication/387802463_Open_Location_Proof_OLP_A_Privacy-Aware_Protocol_for_Non-Repudiable_Location_and_Presence_Verification/links/677e20cf79d6d00f5f5cf176/Open-Location-Proof-OLP-A-Privacy-Aware-Protocol-for-Non-Repudiable-Location-and-Presence-Verification.pdf},
   }

2. OcBITS

   OConsent: Open Consent Protocol for Privacy and Consent Management with Blockchain

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2021

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   In the current connected world - Websites, Mobile Apps, IoT Devices collect a large volume of users’ personally identifiable activity data. These collected data is used for varied purposes of analytics, marketing, personalization of services, etc. Data is assimilated through site cookies, tracking device IDs, embedded JavaScript, Pixels, etc. to name a few. Many of these tracking and usage of collected data happens behind the scenes and is not apparent to an average user. Consequently, many Countries and Regions have formulated legislations (e.g., GDPR, EU) - that allow users to be able to control their personal data, be informed and consent to its processing in a comprehensible and user-friendly manner.This paper proposes a protocol and a platform based on Blockchain Technology that enables the transparent processing of personal data throughout its lifecycle from capture, lineage to redaction. The solution intends to help service multiple stakeholders from individual end-users to Data Controllers and Privacy Officers. It intends to offer a holistic and unambiguous view of how and when the data points are captured, accessed, and processed. The framework also envisages how different access control policies might be created and enforced through a public blockchain including real time alerts for privacy data breach.

   @article{mitra2021oconsent,
     title = {OConsent: Open Consent Protocol for Privacy and Consent Management with Blockchain},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2021},
     publisher = {Birla Institute of Technology And Science, Pilani},
     doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2201.01326},
     url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.01326},
   }

2016

1. Alg16RG

   Cascading algorithm: Bayesian price convergence for arbitrage free option pricing

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2016

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   In this paper, I introduce a novel Cascading Algorithm that leverages Bayesian inference to facilitate arbitrage-free pricing of financial options. Our approach uniquely integrates prior market knowledge with sequentially updated price information to create a convergent pricing model that continuously refines the estimates of option prices under the principle of no-arbitrage. By employing Bayesian updating mechanisms, the algorithm accounts for uncertainties inherent in market data and dynamically adjusts to new information, ensuring robust convergence towards equilibrium prices. We detail the mathematical framework that underpins our model, emphasizing the convergence properties of the algorithm through both theoretical analysis and extensive simulation. The Cascading Algorithm is tested against standard datasets, demonstrating superior performance in achieving faster convergence and higher accuracy in price estimates compared to traditional models. This work not only provides a significant advancement in option pricing but also proposes a framework that could be extended to other financial instruments for achieving efficient, arbitrage-free market predictions.

   @article{mitra2016self,
     title = {Cascading algorithm: Bayesian price convergence for arbitrage free option pricing},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2016},
     doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.27099.27686},
     url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387842812_Cascading_Algorithm_Bayesian_Price_Convergence_for_Arbitrage_Free_Option_Pricing}
   }

2015

1. FIN-CTDBN

   CTDBN based Financial Markets Analysis and Differential Predictions

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2015

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   Coupled Temporal Deep Belief Networks alongwith Conditional Restricted Boltzman Machines to encode intra-market movements and temporary coupling with global indices and FX trades.Data acquiring channels: Indices, Key Economic indicators, Streaming Social Networks (Twitter/Facebook for crowd sentiment analysis) and Youtube Live Videos.

   @article{mitra2015self,
     title = {CTDBN based Financial Markets Analysis and Differential Predictions},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2015}
   }

2014

1. GraphComp2

   Dynamic Compression - Multicuts for planar graphs with outer terminals

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2014

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   On the fly creation and calculation of Max-flow min-cut gap and approximation of multicuts with deep emulations of a fault-free mesh on a mesh with random faults. Text extractions from HTML and XML documents and compressing the adjacency list representation of graphs, specifically for web graphs, mobile hosts and social networks.

   @article{mitra2014self,
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     title = {Dynamic Compression - Multicuts for planar graphs with outer terminals},
     year = {2014}
   }

2012

1. GraphCompAlgo

   XPath Ranking and Graph compression

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2012

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   Designed algorithms for automatic on-the-fly wrapper creation for extractions from HTML and XML documents and compressing the adjacency list representation of graphs, specifically for web graphs and social networks. Also, included calculation of Max-flow min-cut gap and approximation of multicuts with deep emulations of a fault-free mesh on a mesh with random faults.

   @article{mitra2012self,
     title = {XPath Ranking and Graph compression},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2012}
   }

2009

1. TrackAlgo

   Real time multiple target tracking using arrayed sensors

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2009

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   A discrete time-step optimization algorithm based on limited parameters of the sensor-target systems. With the idea of a covering graph, designed an iterative solution for a single sensor, forwarded to multiple sensors by a set (matrix) of flags for tagging operation. Furthermore, an OpenCV based implementation of the resulting algorithm is found to perform better than other notable approaches.

   @article{mitra2009amity,
     title = {Real time multiple target tracking using arrayed sensors},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2009},
     publisher = {Amity University}
   }

2008

1. DRDO

   Swarm Intelligence: Micro-mechanical flying insect for low cost outdoor surveillance

   Subhadip Mitra

   Nov 2008

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   Micromechanical Flying insect for low cost outdoor surveillance: Created micromechanical flying insect based on swarm intelligence driven by peizo electric thorax actuators and muscle wire technology. Integrated onboard GPS and real time imaging. Ingenious navigation algorithms were conceptualized with inputs from the compound eye. A discrete time-step optimization algorithm based on limited parameters of the sensor-target systems for the arrayed eye sensors. With the idea of a covering graph, designed an iterative solution for a single sensor, forwarded to multiple sensors by a set (matrix) of flags for tagging operation.The later evolution of the project saw swarm intelligence incorporated across terrestrial and ariel domains. Project selected and Sponsored by DRDO (Defense Research Development Organization, Ministry of Defense, Government) under the Golden Jubilee Nationwide Students’ Competition from among 271 proposals.

   @article{mitra2008drdo,
     title = {Swarm Intelligence: Micro-mechanical flying insect for low cost outdoor surveillance},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2008},
     publisher = {Defence Research & Development Organization, DRDO, India},
     url = {https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/}
   }

2007

1. HypSC07

   Low energy wireless electricity transmission

   Subhadip Mitra

   More Information about SC07 , Nov 2007

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   This paper explores the innovative realm of low-energy wireless electricity transmission, presenting a novel framework for transmitting electrical power without direct physical connections and minimizing energy loss. I start by examining the current methodologies and limitations of traditional wireless power transfer systems, including inductive, capacitive, and radiative techniques. The focus then shifts to the development of a new, more efficient transmission method that leverages advancements in electromagnetic and resonance technologies to enhance range and energy efficiency. Through a series of experiments and simulations, I demonstrate how our proposed system reduces energy wastage and improves the viability of wireless power for a broader range of applications, from small consumer electronics to large-scale industrial machinery. The findings suggest significant implications for the future of energy distribution, potentially leading to safer, cleaner, and more flexible power management systems. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential environmental impacts and the economic benefits of adopting low-energy wireless electricity transmission technologies.

   @article{mitra2007sc,
     title = {Low energy wireless electricity transmission},
     author = {Mitra, Subhadip},
     year = {2007},
     publisher = { International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, Reno, Nevada },
   }